Chord Calculator - Find Chord Length in Circle - Interactive Online Tool

Chord Calculator

Find Chord Length in Circle

Formula:

Chord = 2r × sin(θ/2)

θ = central angle, r = radius

Chord Formulas

From Central Angle

Chord = 2r × sin(θ/2)

Where θ is the central angle in radians

From Sagitta

Chord = 2√(h(2r - h))

Where h is the sagitta (height of arc)

From Distance

Chord = 2√(r² - d²)

Where d is distance from center to chord

Relationships

Sagitta = r - d

Distance = r × cos(θ/2)

About the Chord Calculator

A chord is a straight line segment that connects two points on a circle. This calculator helps you find the length of any chord when you know various circle measurements.

What is a Chord?

A chord is a line segment with both endpoints on the circle. It's different from a diameter (which passes through the center) and a secant (which extends beyond the circle). The longest possible chord is the diameter.

Chord Length Formulas:

  • From Central Angle: Chord = 2r × sin(θ/2)
  • From Sagitta: Chord = 2√(h(2r - h))
  • From Distance: Chord = 2√(r² - d²)

Key Terms:

  • Central Angle: Angle subtended by the chord at the center
  • Sagitta: Perpendicular distance from chord midpoint to arc
  • Distance from Center: Perpendicular distance from center to chord
  • Segment: Area between the chord and its arc

Real-World Applications:

  • Architecture: Calculating spans for arched openings
  • Engineering: Bridge and tunnel design
  • Construction: Curved wall and ceiling measurements
  • Woodworking: Creating arched cuts and joints
  • Navigation: Calculating distances on spherical surfaces
  • Optics: Lens and mirror curvature calculations

Important Relationships:

  • Sagitta = Radius - Distance from center
  • Distance from center = Radius × cos(θ/2)
  • The perpendicular from center bisects the chord
  • Equal chords are equidistant from the center
  • Longer chords are closer to the center

Example Calculations:

  • Circle radius 10, central angle 60°: Chord = 2 × 10 × sin(30°) = 20 × 0.5 = 10 units
  • Circle radius 8, sagitta 2: Chord = 2√(2(16-2)) = 2√28 ≈ 10.58 units
  • Circle radius 5, distance 3: Chord = 2√(25-9) = 2√16 = 8 units

Special Cases:

  • Diameter: Central angle = 180°, distance = 0, sagitta = radius
  • Small chord: Central angle approaches 0°, chord ≈ arc length
  • Perpendicular chords: Create inscribed squares when equal

Tips for Accurate Results:

  • Ensure central angle is less than 180° for a valid chord
  • Sagitta must be less than the radius
  • Distance from center must be less than radius
  • Use consistent units for all measurements
  • Remember that angles can be in degrees or radians

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Chord Calculator - Find Chord Length in Circle

📅 Published:
Chord Calculator interface showing calculation tools with clear display buttons for mathematical operations providing instant results and solutions online

A chord calculator proved essential when I was developing collision detection algorithms for a gaming engine. The physics system needed to determine intersection points between circular objects and linear boundaries, requiring precise chord length calculations for various central angles and distances. With frame rates demanding sub-millisecond computations, mathematical accuracy was critical for realistic game physics.

This algorithmic tool helps you calculate the straight-line distance between any two points on a circle's circumference. Whether you're designing architectural arches, programming geometric algorithms, or solving analytical problems, precise chord measurements ensure mathematical correctness in your applications.

How Do You Use the Chord Calculator?

Using our chord calculator requires understanding the geometric relationships within circular segments. First, select your input parameter: central angle, sagitta height, or perpendicular distance from center. Enter the circle radius and your known value. The mathematical tool applies the appropriate formula: 2r × sin(θ/2) for angles, 2√(h(2r - h)) for sagitta, or 2√(r² - d²) for distances.

The computational utility provides comprehensive step-by-step derivations, showing trigonometric transformations, algebraic manipulations, and verification calculations. You'll observe how different input parameters lead to identical chord lengths and understand the mathematical relationships governing circular geometry.

What are the Key Features of Our Algorithmic Tool?

Our mathematical utility offers sophisticated computational features designed for precision geometric analysis and algorithm development. This digital calculator handles multiple input parameters and provides rigorous mathematical verification.

  • Multi-Parameter Input Processing: Accepts central angles, sagitta heights, or perpendicular distances with automatic validation and constraint checking.
  • Complete Geometric Solution: The algorithmic tool calculates chord length, central angle, sagitta, distance, arc length, and segment area simultaneously.
  • Mathematical Derivation Display: Shows complete calculation steps including trigonometric identities, algebraic transformations, and numerical evaluations.
  • Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic: Uses IEEE 754 double precision with proper rounding for numerical stability in computational applications.

What are the Main Applications of This Mathematical Utility?

This advanced computational tool serves critical applications in computer graphics, computational geometry, and numerical analysis where precise chord calculations are fundamental.

💻How Can This Digital Calculator Support Computer Graphics?

Essential for rendering algorithms, collision detection, and geometric transformations. When implementing circle-line intersection tests, a chord calculator determines intersection distances for clipping algorithms and visibility calculations. Use our radius calculator for precise circle parameter determination. For a circle with radius 100 pixels and central angle 45 degrees, this chord calculator yields exactly 76.54 pixels, critical for pixel-perfect graphics rendering and geometric accuracy.

🎓Is This Algorithmic Tool Useful for Mathematical Analysis?

Excellent for computational geometry, numerical methods, and algorithm design coursework. Students studying discrete mathematics, computational complexity, and geometric algorithms benefit from understanding chord length relationships. Combine with our arc length calculator for complete circular segment analysis. The computational tool demonstrates fundamental trigonometric identities and algebraic manipulations essential for advanced mathematics. For rigorous geometric analysis, sites like Art of Problem Solving provide comprehensive treatments of chord theorems and geometric proofs.

⚙️Why is This Mathematical Utility Essential for Algorithm Development?

Critical for computational geometry libraries, CAD software, and robotics path planning. Algorithms for circular interpolation, arc-chord approximation, and geometric optimization require precise chord calculations. Integrate with our comprehensive trigonometry calculator for advanced angle calculations. A robotic arm following a circular trajectory with 50-centimeter radius and 30-degree segments needs chord lengths of exactly 25.88 centimeters for smooth motion control. This chord calculator ensures algorithmic precision in automated systems and geometric processing.

Can This Calculation Tool Handle Advanced Geometric Analysis?

A basic algorithmic tool handles standard chord calculations with mathematical precision. However, advanced applications often require more sophisticated geometric analysis.

For complex scenarios involving non-circular curves, three-dimensional chords, or optimization problems with constraint satisfaction, the fundamental chord calculation serves as a computational primitive. Our mathematical utility provides the numerical foundation required for higher-order geometric algorithms and computational methods.

The digital calculator also supports parametric studies where you can systematically vary input parameters to analyze geometric sensitivity and optimize design constraints for engineering applications.

About the Author

Marko Šinko - Co-Founder & Lead Developer

Marko Šinko

Co-Founder & Lead Developer, AI Math Calculator

Lepoglava, Croatia
Advanced Algorithm Expert

Croatian developer with a Computer Science degree from University of Zagreb and expertise in advanced algorithms. Co-founder of award-winning projects, ensuring precise mathematical computations and reliable calculator tools.

Why is This the Best Chord Length Calculation Choice?

To sum up, our Chord Calculator - Find Chord Length in Circle is a complete, mathematically rigorous, and computationally optimized solution for geometric chord analysis. It handles multiple input parameters, provides algorithmic transparency, and delivers numerical precision for all computational applications. Bookmark this page. Enjoy using a professional algorithmic tool online.

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